Anterior Shoulder Instability

Glenohumeral instability commonly affects the general population. Approximately 1–2% of the general population will experience a glenohumeral dislocation in their lifetime [1]. The young, active, athletic population is particularly susceptible to shoulder instability events. Over 95% of shoulder instability events occur in the anteroinferior direction [2, 3]. A comprehensive history, thorough clinical exams, precise diagnostic imaging studies, and accurate characterization of each patient’s instability pattern will allow healthcare providers to properly treat and appropriately manage each patient. Over the last few decades, the knowledge regarding the risk factors, diagnosis, nonoperative and surgical management, as well as rehabilitation principles has continued to grow, making it possible for physicians to provide optimal management of shoulder instability patients. In particular, evaluation of bone loss, in the case of anteroinferior instability, has overturned ideas regarding treatment of the shoulder.