Diaphyseal Femur Fractures

Femoral shaft fractures are most often associated with high-energy trauma, occurring predominantly in the young and economically active population. Associated injuries occur in 5–15% of cases, increasing morbidity and mortality rates, and bringing a great socioeconomic burden. Radiographs are routinely sufficient to have the correct diagnosis, however other imaging studies may be needed in certain situations. Treatment of femoral shaft fractures is preferably surgical, either with in an anterograde or retrograde intramedullary nail. In this chapter, many aspects related to the diagnosis and management of this challenging fracture are discussed, as well as some common complications.