Monteggia & Galeazzi Fracture-Dislocations and Essex-Lopresti Injuries

Monteggia, Galeazzi, and Essex-Lopresti injuries all involve a forearm fracture and instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) or proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ). These combined injuries are rare and commonly missed upon initial presentation. Close attention to radiographs is therefore critical given that recognition in the acute stage improves functional outcomes. The goal of treatment is to restore forearm length and stability, which often requires anatomic reduction via internal fixation of bony injuries. The following review will outline the relevant anatomy, treatment options, and associated complications for Monteggia, Galeazzi, and Essex-Lopresti injuries.