Choroidal Melanoma

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary malignancy of the eye in adults. This neoplasm has a strong propensity for metastasis. The most frequent location of uveal melanoma is in the choroid eliciting several differential diagnoses from a choroidal nevus to a choroidal metastasis. Despite improvements in primary tumor treatment, there has been no significant survival increase. Recently, Tebentafusp was approved by the FDA to treat metastatic uveal melanoma showing a survival benefit in patients that are HLA:A02-01 positive. Currently, there is a critical need to incorporate prognostic testing to shape metastatic surveillance protocols and to identify high-risk patients for enrollment in adjuvant clinical trials. This chapter will include basic information about this neoplasm as well as current relevant information about new therapies.