Retinal and Choroidal Tumors

Retinal and choroidal tumors encompass a diverse group of neoplastic conditions affecting the posterior segment of the eye. These tumors may be benign or malignant and can occur at any age, with varying clinical presentations and prognoses. In this chapter, we will review the following pathologies, vasoproliferative tumor of the retina, circumscribed hemangioma of the choroid, diffuse choroidal hemangioma, and choroid metastasis, and the remaining pathologies will be discussed in separate chapters in the book. We will address, in these pathologies, definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment, paying special attention to multimodal diagnosis and current forms of treatment. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for effective treatment, which may include observation, laser photocoagulation, radiation therapy, or, in special cases, enucleation, depending on the tumor type and progression. Ongoing research in molecular genetics and targeted therapies continues to improve outcomes and preserve vision in patients affected by these ocular tumors.