Retinopathies of Pregnancy
摘要
Pregnancy-related retinopathy encompasses a range of retinal and vascular complications, including preeclampsia and eclampsia, hypertensive retinopathy, retinal arterial occlusions (RAO), retinal vein occlusions (RVO), serous retinal detachment (CSCR), choroidopathy, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). These conditions are influenced by the physiological changes of pregnancy, such as hormonal fluctuations and increased blood volume, which can exacerbate or precipitate retinal disorders. Hypertensive retinopathy is commonly associated with preeclampsia, manifesting as retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and macular edema. CSCR, although less common, presents with serous retinal detachment, typically resolving postpartum. RVO can occur due to pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability, leading to sudden vision loss. Ancillary exams like fundus photography, OCT, and fluorescein angiography are crucial for accurate diagnosis and monitoring. Management of these conditions often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving both ophthalmologists and obstetricians to optimize outcomes for both mother and fetus. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to preventing permanent vision loss in pregnancy-related retinopathy.