Retinal venous occlusions (RVO) are the second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy, affecting individuals over 40 years of age. RVO is broadly classified into central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), with hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) considered a distinct subtype. Macular edema is the leading cause of vision loss in RVO, and retinal ischemia may lead to neovascular complications such as neovascular glaucoma. Risk factors include systemic hypertension, hyperlipidemia, renal dysfunction, and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Diagnosis relies on fundus examination and ancillary imaging such as fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTa), which provide essential insights into perfusion status and macular integrity. Treatment strategies have evolved significantly, with anti-VEGF agents and intravitreal corticosteroids offering substantial anatomical and functional benefits. In some cases, laser photocoagulation remains a valuable adjunct, particularly in BRVO. Alternative treatments such as hemodilution, chorioretinal anastomosis, and vitrectomy have shown mixed results. Despite advances, chronic RVO with persistent edema remains a therapeutic challenge. A multidisciplinary approach addressing both ocular and systemic factors is essential for optimal patient outcomes.