Laser Therapy

Laser technology, initially developed for ophthalmic applications in the 1960s, has evolved significantly since Theodore Maiman introduced the first ophthalmic laser. Early treatments utilized ruby lasers, which, despite their precision, faced limitations due to significant chorioretinal damage and bleeding. The introduction of the argon laser in 1968 revolutionized retinal photocoagulation, providing improved outcomes and broader clinical applications. Today, laser photocoagulation remains a critical treatment for various retinal disorders, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachment, even with the availability of intravitreal antiangiogenic therapies. Ongoing advancements in laser parameters—such as wavelength, pulse duration, and intensity—aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, this chapter will provide a detailed discussion of the underlying physical principles, types of lasers, operational parameters, laser systems, lenses used, and the application of photocoagulation in retinal pathologies.