Ultrasound

Ocular ultrasound is a rapid, noninvasive imaging modality that plays an increasingly important role in the evaluation of both anterior and posterior segment eye disorders. It is particularly valuable when direct ophthalmoscopic examination is limited by media opacities such as corneal edema, dense cataract, or vitreous hemorrhage. Using high-frequency transducers and standardized scanning techniques, ocular ultrasound, most commonly B-scan ultrasonography, provides real-time visualization of intraocular structures and dynamic pathology. This technique is widely applied in emergency, ophthalmologic, and critical care settings to assess conditions including retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, posterior vitreous detachment, intraocular foreign bodies, lens dislocation, and globe rupture. Additionally, measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter via ultrasound has emerged as a useful indirect marker of elevated intracranial pressure. Ocular ultrasound offers advantages such as bedside availability, absence of ionizing radiation, low cost, and rapid diagnostic capability. Despite its benefits, proper training and adherence to safety principles are essential to avoid excessive acoustic exposure to ocular tissues. Careful probe placement, minimal pressure on the globe, and appropriate machine settings are critical to ensure patient safety and diagnostic accuracy. As portable ultrasound devices become more accessible, ocular ultrasound continues to expand its role as a first-line diagnostic tool.