To implement effective climate actions at all societal levels, it is crucial to understand the perceptions of different stakeholders on climate change. However, there have been limited empirical studies on the perceptions and adaptation strategies of stakeholders and farmers in climate-vulnerable districts of Ghana. The study addresses this research limitation by identifying the factors that influence perception and adaptation strategies in six climate-vulnerable districts in the Northern Region of Ghana. Data was acquired through face-to-face questionnaires from 384 farmers, interviews, and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics, content analyses, and logistic regression were used to analyze the perceptions and adaptation strategies of stakeholders and farmers. The results of the descriptive statistics analysis indicate that the majority of farmers perceived changes in the region’s climate. The marginal effects of logistic regression show that farmers’ perception of climate variability is influenced by climate information, agricultural credit, the age of a farmer, extension services, and belonging to a faith group. Adopting climate adaptation strategies is significantly influenced by climate information, belonging to a faith group, and the age of the farmer. The farm experience hurts farmers’ adoption of adaptation strategies. The study recommends empowering extension agents to effectively disseminate climate adaptation strategies to strengthen the adaptive capacities of farmers in climate-vulnerable districts. Moreover, policies tailored to address the differential needs that would promote climate adaptation across these climate-vulnerable districts should be implemented.