The article traces how technology and innovation research have developed during the last decades. The author argues that the two research fields currently converge, despite disciplinary and conceptual differences. In the first two sections, he introduces and then reviews the concepts of technology and innovation of early philosophical and social sciences as two sides of the same sociotechnical constellation. Technology was assigned to the static side; it was often seen as a predetermined structure and a materially fixed social fact. Innovation instead stands as creative destruction on the dynamic side and was characterized by rule-breaking practices, high uncertainty, and openness to the future. The third section shows how the interplay of the disciplinary perspectives and theoretical approaches of economics, political science, history, and sociology paved the way for a more comprehensive, systematic, and integrated research program. Crossing these lines, the author presents and discusses the concepts of the leading theoretical approaches according to the principle of what counts as the most important variable for the development of technology and the course of innovation: rational choices or organizational routines, economic markets or political powers, evolutionary mechanisms or cultural interpretations, actor constellations or institutional regimes. Summarizing the results the fourth section  presents paths into the future of technology and innovation research.