Digital Twin Concept in Last Mile Delivery and Passenger Transport (A Systematic Literature Review)

The challenges for policymakers caused by the increased mobility demand in cities create a necessity for holistic tools to evaluate solutions in the virtual world before implementing them in reality. The study outlined in this paper presents a systematic literature review on digital twins used in transportation or the supply chain with a focus on the movement of people and goods around a city. The digital twins are compared based on their level of integration. The study concludes that the majority of transport centric digital twins are developed for logistics problems within the factory or the supply chain. Digital twins of the movement of people and goods around cities are comparatively rare. Most of the digital twins identified in the systematic literature review should be reclassified as digital models or digital shadows due to their limited integration.