Congenital, Non-lesional Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

This chapter presents a patient with pharmacoresistant Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) receiving vagus nerve stimulation as palliative therapy. We discuss the electroclinical characteristics of LGS and the latest surgical interventions, as well as the corresponding outcomes. We shed light on the indications, efficacy, and tolerability of vagus nerve stimulation. We also emphasize the importance of emerging data in utilizing deep brain stimulation targeting the centromedian nucleus in the treatment of LGS. In addition, we briefly describe cerebral and cerebellar volume loss in chronic epilepsy. Lastly, we discuss the symptomatogenesis of myoclonic and tonic seizures.