Energy
摘要
The basic relationships among internal energy, enthalpy, free energy, entropy, and equilibrium constant are given. Bond dissociation enthalpies, their values, and their applications are introduced. Process chemical cycles and isothermal chemical cycles are described. The Born–Haber cycle is used to determine lattice energies, and the relationship of the latter to ionic radius and molecular volume is discussed. The coverage of these topics includes references published through to mid-2021.