Nanomaterials

Many elements and compounds have been prepared as nanosized particles in various shapes and sizes on the 1 to ~100 nm scale. This chapter describes the general methods for their preparation and for the study of their growth, size, and color. Systems that are described in detail include nanoparticles of gold, silver, copper, iron, platinum, palladium, and silicon. Details also are given for metal–oxide and binary semiconductor nanoparticles. Finally, the biological effects and applications of nanomaterials are described. The coverage of these topics includes references published through to mid-2021.