Group 14

This chapter covers the elements of Group 14 (C to Pb). Many properties of these elements are tabulated. There is extensive coverage of the natural sources and preparations of these elements, their structures, properties, uses, and biological effects. The allotropes of carbon, graphite, fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene get special mention. Their compounds with oxygen, halides, amines, and nitrides are described in detail, as are their oxoanions and aqueous cations. The preparations, structures, and reactions of their organic derivatives are covered. The formation of single, double, and triple bonds, catenation, for Si, Ge, and Pb, are discussed and compared to the C analogues. The coverage of these topics includes references published through to mid-2021.