Achieving Sustainable and Inclusive Growth

This chapter discusses Egypt’s path toward achieving inclusive and sustainable growth with an emphasis on the role of institutions and governance reforms. The chapter starts by exploring how countries are classified according to their progress toward sustainable development. It then reviews Egypt’s key SDG indicators and the areas in which the country is, or is not, on the right track. The chapter then examines the growth, poverty, and inequality nexus. The chapter goes on to assess Egypt’s governance gaps and the factors driving them, as well as to identif how Egypt can achieve good governance. It notes how weak governance has adversely impacted Egypt’s economic development, focusing on the consequences for poverty, unemployment, and education. It concludes by highlighting the relevance of structural economic reforms hand-in-hand with good governance as a key means to break the vicious cycle of resistance to reform that Egypt repeatedly has experienced.