Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease in young adults, with a variable, unpredictable clinical course and severity of symptoms. This complex autoimmune disease is characterized mainly by chronic inflammation, neurodegeneration, demyelination, and neuronal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). Approximately, 60–80% of MS patients are heat-sensitive and experience worsening of clinical status and neurological symptoms when environmental or body temperature is increased. Moreover, whole-body cryotherapy’s (WBC) anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant potential hold promise in mitigating oxidative stress associated with MS pathophysiology. Therefore, therapies such as whole-body cryotherapy are beneficial as an adjuvant treatment of MS. This chapter is a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on WBC’s possible potential of use in rehabilitation and multisymptomatic management of MS patients in their most important everyday neurological problems. However, further research is required both to understand the impact of using cryogenic temperatures on human organism together with precise indications for MS patients and to provide strong scientific evidence for therapeutic benefits.