The term science occurs repeatedly in F. W. J. Schelling’s texts, in a range of contexts, pulling his work in different directions. At the turn of the nineteenth century, the notion of science was in tremendous flux, especially in German settings. Schelling drew upon these shifting uses and emerging meanings and contributed to new senses of science through his own diverse writings. In German, science (Wissenschaft) is tied to knowledge (Wissen), reinforcing traditional associations of the Latin scientia and philosophy and to concerns with theories and methods of knowing. Kant and Fichte understood philosophy as a science concerned with the forms of knowledge as well as the critique of their conditions of validity. The German term for natural science, Naturwissenschaft, emerged in the eighteenth century as an area of science (Wissenschaft). Natural science, however, was not only concerned with theoretical systems or principles of knowledge of the natural world. The turn of the nineteenth century was marked by transformative inquiries into a wide range of processes—from chemical affinity, gases, and combustion; through galvanism, electricity, and magnetism; to physiology, generation, and the history of living kinds. Schelling was concerned with science both as philosophy and as research on nature. He introduced his philosophy of nature (Naturphilosophie) not as a contribution to natural science, however, but as a philosophy of natural science, and thus as means to explore the relationships between philosophy, science, and research on nature, as well as an expansive philosophy of the natural world as a whole. Schelling's recognition of the transformations of the nature and the transformations of knowledge of nature led him to regard the task of a philosophy of science as the construction of concepts adequate to natural science in the making.