The Calamian deer (Axis calamianensis) is a globally threatened and restricted range species that can only be found in the Palawan faunal region within the Philippines. Aspects of taxonomy, subspecies and distribution, descriptive notes, habitat, movement and home range, activity patterns, feeding ecology, reproduction and growth, behaviour and status in the wild and in captivity, as well as conservation implications are covered in this chapter. Conservation breeding is seen as an important tool to prevent the extinction of this deer, with rewilding into its pre-historical range being suggested as a key strategy.