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This chapter will briefly list critical current environmental problems that require integrated interdisciplinary solutions and are associated with four key spheres (viz. atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere). Traditional disciplinary tools tied to inquiry methods associated with each of the spheres, while valuable, are no longer able to facilitate conceptualization of the problems that cross spheres and are impacted by cascading effects of sphere–event interactions, leading to the development of a new framework of Planetary Boundary (PB) (Rockström et al., Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society14(2): 32. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32/ , 2009). While there has been some debate (Montoya et al., Planetary Boundaries for Biodiversity: Implausible Science, Pernicious Policies. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2018, 33 (2), pp. 71–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2017.10.004.hal-02404725v2 , 2018) related to these notions of PB, the idea of thresholds, feedback, resilience, and uncertainties associated with this PB framework remain key concepts for identifying environmental problems and finding solutions. We will discuss how integrated geospatial frameworks can aid the evaluation of these notions of PB at multiple scales and how the power of the geospatial framework can be harnessed as a ‘discipline of the science of integration’ (Goodchild 2013). Further, we will review various ‘ways of knowing’ (including different types of reasoning, opportunities, and limitations) and ‘problem-solving’ approaches while using an integrated geospatial framework. Additionally, we also illustrate that one’s understanding of the ‘truth’ of an observed phenomenon is dependent not only on the perceptual apparatus, but also different components of that apparatus can have different influences. Uncertainties impact data collected by diverse sources and methods due to the interpolations techniques used. Therefore, we need rigorous ways to quantify uncertainty and conduct a systematic uncertainty analysis.

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Geographic Problem Solving: A Summary of Key Environmental Problems that Need Integrative Approaches and the Notion of Uncertainty Associated with ‘Ways of Knowing’

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Barnali Dixon,
  • Chris R. McHan

摘要

This chapter will briefly list critical current environmental problems that require integrated interdisciplinary solutions and are associated with four key spheres (viz. atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere). Traditional disciplinary tools tied to inquiry methods associated with each of the spheres, while valuable, are no longer able to facilitate conceptualization of the problems that cross spheres and are impacted by cascading effects of sphere–event interactions, leading to the development of a new framework of Planetary Boundary (PB) (Rockström et al., Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society14(2): 32. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32/ , 2009). While there has been some debate (Montoya et al., Planetary Boundaries for Biodiversity: Implausible Science, Pernicious Policies. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2018, 33 (2), pp. 71–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2017.10.004.hal-02404725v2 , 2018) related to these notions of PB, the idea of thresholds, feedback, resilience, and uncertainties associated with this PB framework remain key concepts for identifying environmental problems and finding solutions. We will discuss how integrated geospatial frameworks can aid the evaluation of these notions of PB at multiple scales and how the power of the geospatial framework can be harnessed as a ‘discipline of the science of integration’ (Goodchild 2013). Further, we will review various ‘ways of knowing’ (including different types of reasoning, opportunities, and limitations) and ‘problem-solving’ approaches while using an integrated geospatial framework. Additionally, we also illustrate that one’s understanding of the ‘truth’ of an observed phenomenon is dependent not only on the perceptual apparatus, but also different components of that apparatus can have different influences. Uncertainties impact data collected by diverse sources and methods due to the interpolations techniques used. Therefore, we need rigorous ways to quantify uncertainty and conduct a systematic uncertainty analysis.