Recent Progress in 3D Material Sensor Fabrications: Synthesis, Challenges, and Strategies

The medical field, the environment, electronics, and engineering are among the many disciplines where 3D nanotechnology is now widely used. This perspective can be viewed using 3D materials to develop a 3D sensor based on 3D materials. Nanomaterials are one of the products of nanotechnology, which entails the production of objects with dimensions between 1 and 100 nanometers. It can be categorized based on 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D dimensions. Nanomaterials improve several characteristics, including sensing sensitivity, response time, and energy generation and storage efficiency, due to their small size and high surface area to volume ratio. This chapter will examine the use of 3D nanomaterials in fabricating 3D material-based sensors, including the 3D materials synthesis process and challenges and strategies in biosensor and sensor fabrication techniques. Various real-world applications of 3D material-based biosensors and sensors, such as gas, humidity, volatile organic compounds, pressure, temperature, and chronic diseases, are critically discussed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the steps taken by each study platform to address the existing issues are reviewed. Industry 4.0, if 3D material-based sensors are integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), will be the sector that benefits the most from the global advancement of nanotechnology. In addition, this chapter will discuss the prospects of 3D material-based sensors in fields such as medicine, electronics, the food industry, and the environment.