Preparation of Nanomaterials-Based Sensors

Nanomaterial-based sensors refer to a type of sensor that utilizes nanoscale materials as the sensing element to detect various chemical and biological species. Nanomaterials have been extensively used for sensors and biosensor applications owing to their high surface area that enhances the interaction, excellent electrical properties, good catalytic properties, and easy to be grown or modified on substrates/electrodes. This chapter discusses methods to immobilize nanoparticles on substrates/electrodes. Nanomaterials can be grown directly on the substrates/electrodes or separately synthesized followed by immobilization on the substrates/electrodes. Gold, platinum, iron oxide, graphene, and zinc oxide are among favorable nanomaterials used as sensors. Several methods for growing nanoparticles directly on electrodes and the synthesis of nanomaterials followed by possible approaches to immobilize electrodes were also discussed. These approaches could be applied in electrochemical sensors and biosensors.