Plants Showing Anti-Viral Activity with Emphasis on Secondary Metabolites and Biological Screening

Plants have been used for centuries in traditional medicine systems for their therapeutic properties. In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring the anti-viral potential of various plant species. This review aims to provide an overview of plants showing anti-viral activity, with a specific focus on the biological screening programs employed to identify their anti-viral properties. A comprehensive search of scientific literature and databases was conducted to compile a list of 100 plant species known for their anti-viral activity. Each plant was categorized based on its family, and the phytoconstituents responsible for the observed anti-viral effects were identified. Furthermore, the specific disorders targeted by these plants were also documented. The phytoconstituents responsible for the anti-viral activity of these plants were diverse and included flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds. These bioactive constituents exhibited various mechanisms of action, such as viral replication inhibition, immune modulation, and antioxidative effects. The disorders targeted by these anti-viral plants encompassed a wide range of viral infections, including herpes simplex virus, influenza, respiratory infections, and hepatitis. Additionally, some plants showed efficacy in managing digestive disorders, skin disorders, and immune system support.