Cardiac Isomerism

Cardiac malposition lesions represent a heterogeneous group of lesions with isomerism being one of the most complex cardiac defects encountered in congenital heart disease. It is essential to completely define the cardiac and noncardiac defects associated with this condition rather than being fixated on defining whether there is left or right atrial isomerism. Often multimodality imaging involving echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and less frequently cardiac catheterization is required. In recent years, greater awareness has focused on the noncardiac manifestations of isomerism, especially splenic, immunologic, and ciliary function. This has shown that a multidisciplinary team approach is important in the care of patients with isomerism.