Fetal Pulmonary Venous Anomalies

The prenatal diagnosis of isolated pulmonary venous anomalies remains challenging due to the small amount of pulmonary blood flow in fetal life. Technological advances in fetal echocardiography have significantly improved the ability to prenatally diagnose these anomalies, but still many cases of fetal pulmonary venous anomalies go undetected by fetal echocardiogram. In this chapter, we review the fetal diagnosis of total and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return including scimitar syndrome and provide some insight for prenatal counseling.