The Patient

An accurate orthognathic planning is based on a combination of clinical examination, imaging, and facial analysis. Röntgen imaging commonly used for orthognathic diagnosis and planning includes conventional X-rays or cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Especially CBCT can reproduce an accurate visualization of the bone structures of the face but are less accurate in depicting soft tissues. However, soft tissue evaluation and prediction of soft tissue changes after surgery are essential to obtain a satisfying end result for the patient as well as for the surgeon. Therefore, physical examination and analysis of the facial soft tissues remain a fundamental step in orthognathic planning. This chapter will discuss the chronological steps of planning in orthognathic surgery. The frequently used radiologic imaging modalities and their technical background and clinical indications will be briefly evaluated.