Management Strategies

As with all patients once a diagnosis of the dentofacial deformity has been made, then treatment can proceed as per any other orthognathic strategy. The treatment of concomitant TMD should follow strategies aimed at the degree of TMD as per the Wilkes classification. Often TMD treatment occurs alongside presurgical orthodontics. Although controversial, there has been no clear evidence that orthodontic treatment nor the preceding malocclusion induces TMD (Sim et al. Korean J Orthod. 2019;49(3):181-187; Egermark et al. Angle Orthod. 2003; 73:109–115; McNamara et al. J Orofac Pain. 1995; 9:73–90).