Introduction

The temporomandibular joint is a diarthrodial, bicondylar-type joint and unique in its rotational and translational movements; due to this it is known as a gingliomyoarthrodial joint. The internal fibrocartilage disc is attached to the condyle by ligaments that permit rotation during translational movements. The disc is thought to have several roles to include distribution of joint loads, joint stability in chewing, facilitating lubrication and nourishment of the joint surfaces and promoting growth of the condyle. Therefore, any change in the condyle/disc relationship could potentially lead to joint dysfunction and instability. Operations on the upper and lower jaw, as well as corrections of malocclusions, have an impact on the temporomandibular joints. The temporomandibular joint shows a high degree of adaptability over the course of a lifetime but can also be damaged under certain circumstances. In addition, there are systemic diseases that affect the temporomandibular joint. The assessment of the temporomandibular joint from a structural and functional point of view is an essential part of diagnosis before treatment, but it also needs to be checked after the completion of orthodontic and orthognathic treatment.