Pastoralism is one of the oldest socio-ecological and cultural systems that utilizes a substantial proportion of people around the globe. There are approximately between 100 and 200 million practicing pastoralism worldwide. In India, over 200 tribes, making up 6% of the population, depend on pastoralism. Pastoral communities are critical in shaping diverse ecosystem services and conserving dryland biodiversity. Their dependence on fodder and critical ecosystem functions, such as the water cycle in arid regions, is evident. Livestock grazing has greatly affected plant growth, distribution, and diversity through seed dispersal and soil enrichment, creating ecosystem sustainability. Unfortunately, this positive contribution is rarely perceived, as pastoralists are being blamed for degrading their dependent lands and ecosystems. Despite the significant contribution, pastoralism faces increased environmental changes, climatic variations, and large-scale human activities. These factors have resulted in ecological disturbance with long-term effects on the sustainability of pastoralism. These factors have limited access to rangelands, water bodies, and agricultural fields for grazing. The increasing land use patterns further aggravate the challenge by limiting grazing resource allocation to pastoralists. Presently, policy response remains inadequate in India, compounded by transformative land use practices. Climatic shifts and human actions in land use/land cover combine to significantly decrease the availability of grazing land for poor pastoral livelihoods under threat. In this complex framework, EbA is perhaps the most pragmatic way of building on pastoralism resilience to address climate and land use changes. EbA is a methodological framework grounded on nature-based strategies for climate adaptation. It assumes an ecosystem perspective and injects climate intelligence into the management of pasture and agropastoral systems that leverage traditional knowledge systems. It highlights the role of EbA as a path toward mitigating the impacts of ecological disruption, thereby providing a trajectory toward ensuring the sustainability of pastoralism.