Introduction to Neurobiology of Eating Disorders

This introductory chapter within the section of the neurobiology of eating disorders (EDs) provides an overview of biological factors contributing to the pathogenesis of EDs. Such factors include genetic and epigenetic mechanisms; the composition of the gut microbiota and their bioactive products; brain systems with a particular role in appetite and weight regulation such as the self-regulatory, hedonic, and homeostatic system; the endocrine and metabolic system; and the immune system. Some changes found in these systems are rather a consequence than a causal factor of an ED; and such physical and mental health consequences can perpetuate an ED. Therefore, they are worth of being addressed in the treatment of EDs despite their secondary nature. Indeed, the involved signaling molecules (neurotransmitters, hormones, and cytokines) and their receptors might become future drug targets for the treatment of EDs; and the knowledge of their anatomical structure may be used to guide the development of brain stimulation techniques for the therapy of EDs. Further insight into the biology of EDs might be achieved using novel scientific techniques and paradigms and the application of machine learning to manage big data sets, predict outcomes, and design individualized treatments.