The relationship between computer science and mathematics is strong, active, and productive. For example, coding theory is born from the interaction between computer science, algebra, and number theory; Shannon information theory from computer science, probability, and statistics; chaos theory from computer science, analysis, and differential equations; et cetera. One shall not forget that the hardest problems in computational optimization (like the travelling salesman problem) come from graph theory. In this aspect, a recent trend in computational optimization and mathematics is to produce polynomial-time heuristic algorithms.