Childhood amnesia refers to the phenomenon that most adults (and older children) have few to no memories of personal events for the first three to four years of life. However, this phenomenon continues to affect our memories up until around the age of seven, where fewer events can be recalled than would be expected based on forgetting. Meanwhile, 2–3-year-old children do recall memories of events. Thus, childhood amnesia is not a consequence of young children’s inability to encode event memories. The fate of young children’s memories has for decades puzzled memory researchers, who have tried to come up with different explanations. In this chapter, it will be described how the phenomenon typically is investigated. This will be followed by a section covering the different explanations. Finally, some of the current debates will briefly be touched upon.