The concept of a caliphate is intrinsic to Islamic forms of governance and state. The term “Caliph” has its origins in Islamic history, with the first known usage occurring in reference to Adam’s creation. However, in Islamic vocabulary, the term is primarily used to denote the leader of an Islamic empire or the Caliphate. The caliphate, therefore, represents a state or a geographical political entity governed by the caliph and considered the home of all Muslim communities. Most traditional and orthodox jurists argue that Muslims are obliged to reside within the caliphate. It is not permissible to seek residence outside the caliphate in non-Muslim-ruled states without compelling reasons. The caliphate confers a distinctive status to non-Muslims, accompanied by a set of supplementary privileges, obligations, and exceptions. While the Sunni and Shiite branches have reached a consensus on the establishment of the caliphate (imamate) in the Shiite vocabulary, some differences exist regarding the appointment of a caliph. The Sunni tradition appoints a caliph based on the individual’s nobility and ability to govern. In contrast, the Shiite tradition requires the appointed caliph to possess these qualities and originate from the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad. Since the establishment of the classical Islamic state by Prophet Muhammad in Medina and the continuation of the caliphate by the rightly guided caliphs for three decades, Muslims have consistently lived under a caliph until the fall of the Ottoman Empire. In a few instances, the existence of parallel caliphates was also documented in Africa and the Levant. In 1924, the colonial powers abolished the Caliphate and divided it into nation-states. A significant number of Muslim scholars maintain that, in light of prophetic traditions, the re-establishment of the caliphate represents a primary responsibility for the Muslim community.