Usūl al-Fıqh is a discipline that forms the methodological basis of Islamic jurisprudence, enabling the deduction of sharʿī rulings from evidence such as the Qur’ān, Sunnah, ijmāʿ, and qiyas. This science is built on linguistic, sharʿī, and rational principles, requiring both theoretical and practical knowledge. The systematic framework of Usūl al-Fıqh, as outlined in Imam Shāfiʿī’s (d. 204/820) “ar-Risāla,” encompasses a range of issues, including the nature of sharīʿī evidence, the connotation of words, the relationship between nāsikh and mensūkh, the conditions of ijtihād, and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa. The evolution of Usūl al-Fıqh is divided into four distinct periods: the Formation Period (first to second century AH), the Tadvīn Period (third to seventh century AH), the Taqlīd and Stagnation Period (seventh to thirteenth century AH), and the Modern Period (fourteenth century AH to present). Islamic economics is predicated on the principles established by Usūl al-Fıqh in both theoretical and practical realms. The Sharīʿah legitimacy of economic practices, including the prohibition of interest (ribā), Qard Hasan, partnership models (mushāraka, murābaha), zakat, and waqf, is determined within the framework of this methodology. The Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa (the objectives of Islamic law) approach is instrumental in ensuring the alignment of economic activities with principles of social justice, equitable wealth distribution, and moral values. In the contemporary era, the evolution of Islamic financial instruments (sukuk, takaful) and digitalization processes necessitates a dynamic interpretation of Usūl al-Fıqh. Usūl al-Fıqh, a dynamic discipline, ensures the continuity of Islamic law and economics by preserving its historical heritage while facilitating the integration of Islamic finance into the global system through modernization based on Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa and technological innovations. In this framework, the revitalization of ijtihād and interdisciplinary approaches will strengthen the future role of Usūl al-Fıqh.