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Histology, or the structural study of tissues at the microscale, is crucial to fully understand tissue functioning, as well as to assess the influence of pathologies on tissue microstructure and the outcome of treatments. This is especially true in the context of tissue engineering (TE) since the microstructural characterization of tissues can guide the design of scaffolds for TE-based treatments. Classical 2D histological assessment is inherently limited by its 2D nature, providing only a partial visualization of the intricate 3D microstructure of tissues. This chapter aims to introduce X-ray-based 3D histo(patho)logy using microCT imaging, combined with contrast-enhancing methods, allowing to fully capture the 3D tissue microstructure and to extract quantitative structural data. The different contrast-enhancing methods, including contrast-enhanced microCT (CECT), cryogenic CECT (cryo-CECT), and phase-contrast microCT (PCT), are discussed. A basic introduction to image processing and analysis for microCT is provided, together with an overview of the current literature on application cases for specific tissues and organs, including cartilage, kidney, bone-tendon interface, bone marrow, heart, blood vessels, and vasculature. Finally, a selection of emerging technologies and future perspectives for X-ray-based 3D histology are discussed.

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X-Ray-Based 3D Histo(patho)logy of Biological Tissues Using Contrast-Enhanced MicroCT

  • 动态工具书词条

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Arne Maes,
  • Tim Balcaen,
  • Camille Pestiaux,
  • Lara Mazy,
  • Lisa Leyssens,
  • Maïté Pétré,
  • Victor Joos de ter Beerst,
  • Delia Hoffmann,
  • Grzegorz Pyka,
  • Greet Kerckhofs

摘要

Histology, or the structural study of tissues at the microscale, is crucial to fully understand tissue functioning, as well as to assess the influence of pathologies on tissue microstructure and the outcome of treatments. This is especially true in the context of tissue engineering (TE) since the microstructural characterization of tissues can guide the design of scaffolds for TE-based treatments. Classical 2D histological assessment is inherently limited by its 2D nature, providing only a partial visualization of the intricate 3D microstructure of tissues. This chapter aims to introduce X-ray-based 3D histo(patho)logy using microCT imaging, combined with contrast-enhancing methods, allowing to fully capture the 3D tissue microstructure and to extract quantitative structural data. The different contrast-enhancing methods, including contrast-enhanced microCT (CECT), cryogenic CECT (cryo-CECT), and phase-contrast microCT (PCT), are discussed. A basic introduction to image processing and analysis for microCT is provided, together with an overview of the current literature on application cases for specific tissues and organs, including cartilage, kidney, bone-tendon interface, bone marrow, heart, blood vessels, and vasculature. Finally, a selection of emerging technologies and future perspectives for X-ray-based 3D histology are discussed.