Interruption of the inferior vena cava has occupied an important role in primary and secondary prevention of pulmonary embolism for decades. That role has been refined through the years such that the most common consensus-based indication for IVC filter placement is a high-risk proximal DVT or pulmonary embolism in a patient with absolute contraindication to anticoagulation therapy. In this chapter, absolute and relative indications for inferior vena cava filter placement, filter design, filter utilization in special populations, procedural techniques and complications, rationale for filter retrieval, and techniques to increase rates of retrieval are discussed.