This chapter aims to develop a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of population aging and perspectives on old age, based on the category of hegemony. Globalization and its characteristics of interdependence and interconnection are expressed as economic, political, and cultural processes that impact societies and their culture through the exchange of ideas, customs, standardized understandings, and common practices, blurring plurality, difference, and local particularity. These processes influence the configuration of perspectives associated with old age and aging, which in other eras were associated with respect, wisdom, and power, and which today are replaced by the value placed on image, youth, and productivity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand old age as a political and social construct that needs to be analyzed in this chapter, from the perspective of critical gerontology. Given this scenario, there are certain elements derived from discourse theory and populism that will be brought into tension with regard to the ways of approaching and responding to this population as a group characterized by age, which has a series of social, economic, cultural, and political consequences. The objective, then, is to analyze how old age is socially constructed based on dominant economic, political, and cultural interests and how this age group becomes a strategic focus for instrumentalizing populist discourses that influence the exclusion or representation of older people and, therefore, the public policies that may be generated.