Over the past decades, countries worldwide have experienced both the benefits and challenges of globalization, which have enriched economies, societies, and cultures while also increasing insecurity and inequality. Global challenges and youth social problems highlight interconnected crises affecting sustainable development, mental health, and equitable governance. Key systemic issues include climate change, resource scarcity, geopolitical and economic inequities, technological disruption, and mental health crisis. Adolescence is a critical period in the life course, characterized by biological, cognitive, emotional, and social transformations. Therefore, understanding the role of social problems in the lives of today’s youth across the globe is essential.