This chapter examines the dynamics of South-South migration through an in-depth examination of the India–Nepal migration corridor. Although South-North movements have historically been the focus of global migration discourses, South-South migration is becoming increasingly significant due to its role in developmental and policy governance. In South Asia, India–Nepal migration corridor, governed by the 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship, is a unique example of open-border movement based on geographical proximity, shared history, sociocultural linkages, and economic interdependence. This is an important migration corridor, historically nurtured by both countries through bilateral ties and close people-to-people connections. It holds considerable economic significance for the poor and most vulnerable segment of the migratory population, for whom migration constitutes a vital survival strategy and source of resilience. At the same time, this migration corridor faces multiple challenges, including lack of documentation, informality, labor exploitation, limited social protection, and gendered vulnerabilities. In addition to presenting current trends and patterns of migration in the India–Nepal migration corridor, the chapter highlights the broader implications of mobility, inequality, and development within the Global South.