This study examines the strategic role of standardization in strengthening economic security as a nation’s capacity to maintain autonomy and sustainable growth in the face of external risks, particularly those impacting critical supply chains. Recent geopolitical tensions have highlighted the need for stable supply chains and technological self-reliance. Standardization—both de jure (formal) and de facto (market-driven)—plays a pivotal role by promoting interoperability, efficiency, and safety across sectors such as logistics, manufacturing, and information technology. While it facilitates market access and operational efficiency, standardization also poses risks, including knowledge spillover, especially in ICT-related domains. Using SWOT and cross-SWOT analyses, this study illustrates how firms of varying sizes can utilize standardization to enhance competitiveness and resilience. Large firms often shape international standards, whereas smaller firms gain credibility and achieve greater integration into global value chains. Ultimately, standardization emerges not merely as a technical process but as a strategic instrument for national and corporate adaptation to global uncertainties, supporting diversified sourcing, innovation management, and heightened international market competitiveness.