The chapter examines how neoliberal economic discourse sustains global social problems by legitimizing inequality, precarity, and the erosion of collective rights. It conceptualizes neoliberalism not merely as policy, but as a discursive apparatus that reshapes subjectivity, responsibility, and social relations. Through metaphors such as “human capital” and “fiscal discipline,” institutions such as education systems, financial governance, media, and state policy normalize competition and individualize responsibility. Drawing on Marxian, Gramscian, and Foucauldian insights, the chapter argues that neoliberal discourse produces self-regulating subjects while foreclosing alternative economic imaginaries. Counter-hegemonic practices illustrate how discourse can be contested: universal basic income reframes security as a right, degrowth challenges growth-centric paradigms, and cooperative or participatory models democratize economic life. The chapter concludes that discursive critique alone is insufficient; durable transformation requires building material and institutional infrastructures capable of sustaining egalitarian and ecological alternatives.