In contemporary South Africa, cases of sexual violence have been observed which has endangered life of children. This has since increased over the years and remains a social problem in the Republic of South Africa. This nefarious act has gained serious attention from the South African government, media outlets, policy makers, and members of the academia. Despite this, there are still existing gaps in understanding the prevalence rate, perceived factors, and consequences of sexual violence against children in South Africa. Thus, it is imperative to ensure effective prevention and intervention strategies are implemented to reduce the risk factors as well as against perpetrators of sexual violence against children in South Africa. The specific emphasis of this paper is to examine the prevalence, causes, and effects of sexual violence against children in South Africa. Routine activity theory (RAT), social learning theory, and socio-ecological model serve as theoretical frames of reference to this study which presents an applicability of the theory to the manuscript. Secondary data were sourced and retrieved and then analyzed to achieve the aim and objectives of the study. Specifically, both gray and academic literature were used. The study found that the rate of sexual violence against children is high in South Africa especially in low-income communities. Also, the analysis revealed that some of the main causes of its high prevalence rate include poverty in the family, exposure, or experience of violence, among others. Also, the analysis showed that long-term effects of child sexual violence include suicidal ideation, post-traumatic stress, sexual difficulties, inability to form lasting relationships, identity difficulties, relationship problems, parenting difficulties, abuse of alcohol and substance, display of violent behavior and other criminal behaviors. The manuscript recommends a more stringent punishment for sexual violence offenders as this will serve as a deterrence to be offenders.