Inequalities in the Eighteenth-Century University

This chapter tries to give a comprehensive explanation of eighteenth-century European universities, focusing on financial challenges and barriers to access in the context of Salamanca and Coimbra. The interpretation of historical dynamics reveals the multifaceted nature of obstacles faced by these institutions. The study unfolds through an analysis of financial aspects, identifying barriers in access to higher education post-1771/1772 reforms. It delves into the decline in student enrollments, examining the intricate interplay of socioeconomic factors, religious considerations, and evolving state policies. Furthermore, the study explores the evolution of university admissions, tracing dynamic patterns rooted in medieval traditions. Financial aspects, intertwined with religious oaths, are identified as central to controlling admissions. The Iberian Peninsula’s adoption of Enlightenment ideals is examined, focusing on reforms in Coimbra and Salamanca. The analysis reveals how these reforms aligned with central power ideas, reflecting a broader strategy of integrating higher education into a standardized educational continuum. The paper also discusses the pursuit of academic degrees, highlighting the financial barriers and societal implications in Salamanca and Coimbra during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The elitist nature of the university system, societal privileges linked to academic achievements, and the impact of financial barriers on market competition are explored. Additionally, the debate surrounding the access of poor students to higher education is scrutinized, emphasizing financial burdens at various stages of academic journeys. The text unveils a nuanced perspective on proposed solutions, considering merit-based systems, prizes for academic success, and the potential stigmatization of poor students. In conclusion, the text enriches the narrative surrounding the challenges and transformations in higher education during the eighteenth century, shedding light on the intricate interplay of financial constraints, societal considerations, and evolving educational paradigms.