Ethiopian Jews have lived in Israel for over three decades, yet they remain marginalized, facing persistent challenges such as low income, limited employment opportunities, poor education, and widespread negative perceptions among other Israelis. This chapter examines the experiences of the first and second generations of Ethiopian Israelis through the lens of segmented assimilation theory, analyzing the varied pathways they have navigated within Israeli society. It explores two central questions: How does the Israeli social context shape their socioeconomic status, educational attainment, and aspirations for upward mobility? And how does the second generation define Jewishness while employing strategies to counter negative stereotypes? Drawing on statistical data from state and non-state sources, as well as interviews with community members, this chapter sheds light on the mechanisms of resilience and empowerment within this ethnic group.