Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a deeply entrenched cultural practice prevalent in various regions of Africa, including Ethiopia. This chapter examines the socio-cultural complexities surrounding FGM, its roots, prevalence, and societal attitudes. Drawing on data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2000 and 2016, the study explores the prevalence of FGM among women in Ethiopia and elucidates community perceptions towards this practice. Moreover, the chapter highlights the broader context of Harmful Traditional Practices (HTPs) and their implications for gender discrimination and violence against girls in SSA. Despite being recognized as a violation of human rights and associated with serious medical complications, FGM persists due to its cultural and religious significance in many communities. The United Nations’ characterization of HTPs underscores the enduring challenge posed by deeply ingrained traditional beliefs and practices. The socio-cultural dynamics such as traditional values, social norms, influence of elders and traditional practitioners, perceptions of purity and chastity compels women to continue the practice. Understanding these cultural factors is essential for designing effective interventions aimed at eradicating FGM and promoting alternative rites of passage that uphold the rights and dignity of girls and women. The prevalence data of FGM in Ethiopia indicates noteworthy regional differences and encouraging progress in combating the practice. Across various regions and demographic factors, there have been significant decreases in FGM prevalence, suggesting advancements in eradication efforts. This chapter is believed to contribute to the ongoing efforts to combat this harmful practice and safeguard the health and rights of girls and women, especially in Ethiopia and similar contexts.