Shoulder injuries arise from a variety of causes, ranging from trauma originating in athletic and activity-related mechanisms to overuse. For active populations, rotator cuff and labral injuries are the most common injuries, and as such, they are the focus of this chapter. Given the broad spectrum of contributing factors, the first objective is to explore the etiology and risk factors for shoulder injuries, particularly those linked to sports, repetitive overuse, and daily activities. By understanding both modifiable and nonmodifiable patient characteristics, the dynamic shifts from identifying risk factors to predicting and preventing these injuries. Therefore, the second objective is to highlight tools that aid in identifying individuals at risk for initial insult or recurrence. The subsequent text and the final objective discuss rehabilitation protocols and evidence-based prevention programs designed to mitigate shoulder injury risk. In brief, the etiology and risk factors are discussed, followed by outlining predictable risk factors, and concluding with rehabilitation and preventative measures in the treatment of shoulder injuries.