The number of musculoskeletal injuries increases as people perform more physical activities. Innumerable aspects have been described as risk factors for the appearance of musculoskeletal sports lesions, such as overtraining, incorrect sports technique, inadequate nutrition, previous injury, age, obesity, and factors related to the athlete’s behavior. Different studies have been published relating to genetic and molecular aspects with different sports injuries, such as knee ligament and meniscus injuries, shoulder instability, muscle injuries, and Achilles tendinopathy. This chapter will discuss the genetic and molecular aspects in specific musculoskeletal sports injuries.