Biologic Strategies for Ligaments

Nowadays, biological therapies are exponentially increasing. Their mechanism of action is thought to enhance natural healing in musculoskeletal disorders. Ligaments are an essential target for biological therapies, primarily because of their poor healing potential. Surgical techniques augmented with biological treatment (e.g., platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC)) have been proposed to address these injuries. Biological augmentation can accelerate and optimize clinical outcomes through tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. Surgeries could be improved with marrow stimulation procedures and scaffolds. This chapter reviews the current treatment options for the bio-enhancement of knee ligament injuries while understanding the physiopathology of ligaments “healing” process.