Anterior glenohumeral instability remains a significant cause of disability in young athletes. The “essential lesion” of this condition is the failure of the anterior glenohumeral ligament complex. The “Bankart lesion” refers most commonly to the avulsion of the labral attachment from the glenoid bone, but the pathology can be anywhere along its course. Approaches to the nonoperative treatment of this condition date back to humankind’s oldest book, the Edwin Smith Papyrus (3000–2500 BC), and operative approaches were debated as far back as Hippocrates (400’s BC), where white-hot irons were employed to cauterize the inferior shoulder capsule. Modern surgical approaches began with Perthes, who first described the repair of the anterior glenoid labrum to the anterior glenoid rim. Bankart also described anatomical repair of the avulsed lesion that bears his name, and since then hundreds of variations on this repair have been described. The evolution of the treatment of this lesion has progressed from an understanding of the soft tissue’s essential role to that of the importance of the bony anatomy. Despite 3000 years of human experience, the optimal treatment of this lesion remains highly controversial. Treatment of the first-time dislocator rarely reaches consensus, even among experienced surgeons. A minimally invasive anatomic repair is hailed both as the ultimate surgical approach and as grossly inadequate—in the same textbooks. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a relevant summary of the anatomy and biomechanics of the Bankart lesion, its clinical significance, and the treatment options and outcomes of this disabling pathology.